使用ledger部署和升级solana合约

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@albert

Albert·4 months ago

本篇文章假设你:

已经拥有了solana的基础知识
有使用Anchor编程的基本经验
已经安装了solana相关的命令行工具
有一个ledger硬件钱包

查看ledger的Wallet ID
- 当你将多个ledger连接到同一台计算机时，可以使用Wallet ID来指定要使用的ledger钱包
- 如果你只打算在计算机上使用单个ledger，则无需包含Wallet ID
```
solana-keygen pubkey usb://ledger
```
查看SOL钱包地址
- 查看SOL钱包的命令行:
```
# 查看第1个地址
solana-keygen pubkey usb://ledger?key=0/0
# 查看第2个地址
solana-keygen pubkey usb://ledger?key=1/0
# 查看第3个地址
solana-keygen pubkey usb://ledger?key=2/0
```
- 命令行需要指定keypair url, 格式为 usb://ledger?key=<DERIVATION_PATH>
  1. 如果有多个ledger, 需要指定WALLET_ID, 则为 usb://ledger/<WALLET_ID>?key=<DERIVATION_PATH>
- 其中DERIVATION_PATH 为了和phantom钱包保持一致, 使用 x/0, 这样ledger连接pnantom钱包的时候会显示和命令行相同的地址
- Keypair URL参数在ZSH中被忽略, 需要修改~/.zshrc,添加一行 unsetopt nomatch

如果有多个ledger, 可以根据keypair url反向查询WALLET_ID,例如:

solana resolve-signer  usb://ledger?key=1/0

# DwWogDGHNM5wNxcwjkroMeK83NTLpZ7ZtEbtCSrxMKNZ即为你的WALLET_ID
usb://ledger/DwWogDGHNM5wNxcwjkroMeK83NTLpZ7ZtEbtCSrxMKNZ?key=1'/0'

设置 sol network

此处我设置的是localhost, 也可以根据实际使用情况设置devnet和mainnet-beta
先本地启动一个test validator作为localhost网络

pkill solana-test-validator
rm -rf test-ledger/
solana-test-validator

设置 sol 网络和默认钱包

# network可以是mainnet-beta, testnet, devnet, localhost
export network=localhost
solana config set --url $network
# 设置我本地的~/.config/solana/id.json为默认的钱包,后面会用到这个钱包
solana config set --keypair ~/.config/solana/id.json
solana config get

使用普通的keypair热钱包,创建一个buffer account
- 为什么要先使用普通的keypair热钱包,因为
  1. 部署solana合约需要将program字节码上链,每笔交易最大1K, 通常要发500+笔交易,结果可能有:
  2. ledger钱包受不了,连续按几百上千次, , 这几乎不可能
  3. ledger钱包不支持这种方式来部署合约
- 控制台会输出buffer account地址BUFFER_ADDRESS
```
solana program write-buffer target/deploy/curve_launchpad.so \
--keypair  ~/.config/solana/id.json

Buffer: 3qMNULQwNWQPKKT29WPmjnfSbcpXCFSoYwZg5yLCbwty

# 如果想删除buffer account并取回sol
solana program close -k  ~/.config/solana/id.json --buffers
```

转移buffer authority给ledger钱包

执行命令行

solana program set-buffer-authority <BUFFER_ADDRESS> \
--new-buffer-authority <LEDGER_PUBKEY>

比如ledger钱包地址为LdJx7GAVbb9JhaPMvLEDEZb3Fjk16Bv5R4f8qzMUQeG, 命令行如下:
solana program set-buffer-authority 3qMNULQwNWQPKKT29WPmjnfSbcpXCFSoYwZg5yLCbwty \
--new-buffer-authority LdJx7GAVbb9JhaPMvLEDEZb3Fjk16Bv5R4f8qzMUQeG

Account Type: Buffer
Authority: LdJx7GAVbb9JhaPMvLEDEZb3Fjk16Bv5R4f8qzMUQeG

接下来,可以使用ledger部署solana程序

使用ledger钱包部署合约, 使用buffer account中的字节码
_ 其中usb://ledger?key=0/0对应的地址为LdJx7GAVbb9JhaPMvLEDEZb3Fjk16Bv5R4f8qzMUQeG, 将其设置为solana程序的upgrade权限

solana program deploy \
--program-id target/deploy/curve_launchpad-keypair.json \
--buffer 3qMNULQwNWQPKKT29WPmjnfSbcpXCFSoYwZg5yLCbwty \
--upgrade-authority usb://ledger?key=0/0 

Program Id: AAR4w5eyv8JXrDvmB1EJE9QmxP24KaPyRUiZU5M8pAeZ

Signature: ua19eg9EQFcgTKVn5ZHjL1JB3s4mPYYUC7f4At6bnoXSrTKqm3RZABj3JbcwtsjUYEFTrS6bCGet6SUr2PaCyyk

查询程序状态

solana program show AAR4w5eyv8JXrDvmB1EJE9QmxP24KaPyRUiZU5M8pAeZ

Program Id: AAR4w5eyv8JXrDvmB1EJE9QmxP24KaPyRUiZU5M8pAeZ
Owner: BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111
ProgramData Address: 8nH1bnwoqbuipTWaX25pg6tDWfvDoFs1yErFTCFR39SB
Authority: LdJx7GAVbb9JhaPMvLEDEZb3Fjk16Bv5R4f8qzMUQeG # upgrade权限
Last Deployed In Slot: 937
Data Length: 506936 (0x7bc38) bytes
Balance: 3.52947864 SOL

如果合约已经部署, 可以使用ledger升级solana程序

先使用普通keypair钱包 buffer account

solana program write-buffer target/deploy/curve_launchpad.so \
--keypair  ~/.config/solana/id.json

Buffer: 9suJnc9cY7ZFiNPe39me1wsNqxsM9HnrokouNTnqWVV

再转移buffer authority给ledger钱包

solana program set-buffer-authority <BUFFER_ADDRESS> \
--new-buffer-authority <LEDGER_PUBKEY>

比如
solana program set-buffer-authority 9suJnc9cY7ZFiNPe39me1wsNqxsM9HnrokouNTnqWVV \
--new-buffer-authority LdJx7GAVbb9JhaPMvLEDEZb3Fjk16Bv5R4f8qzMUQeG

Account Type: Buffer
Authority: LdJx7GAVbb9JhaPMvLEDEZb3Fjk16Bv5R4f8qzMUQeG

使用ledger钱包升级程序, 其中<PROGRAM_ADDRESS>指定要升级的Program Id,此处为AAR4w5eyv8JXrDvmB1EJE9QmxP24KaPyRUiZU5M8pAeZ

solana program deploy --program-id <PROGRAM_ADDRESS> \
--buffer <BUFFER_ADDRESS> \
--upgrade-authority <LEDGER_PUBKEY> 

比如
solana program deploy \
--program-id AAR4w5eyv8JXrDvmB1EJE9QmxP24KaPyRUiZU5M8pAeZ \
--buffer 9suJnc9cY7ZFiNPe39me1wsNqxsM9HnrokouNTnqWVV \
--upgrade-authority usb://ledger?key=0/0 

Program Id: AAR4w5eyv8JXrDvmB1EJE9QmxP24KaPyRUiZU5M8pAeZ

Signature: 2zgdmJGwHwEogZArPnL9zju6LtJqXpCgTHtMw78aUmXEmgJEgi5tdFQPFNSNzoVk7cqLxVWBthoSQa1dZRqMzUvQ

查看程序状态

solana program show AAR4w5eyv8JXrDvmB1EJE9QmxP24KaPyRUiZU5M8pAeZ

Program Id: AAR4w5eyv8JXrDvmB1EJE9QmxP24KaPyRUiZU5M8pAeZ
Owner: BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111
ProgramData Address: 8nH1bnwoqbuipTWaX25pg6tDWfvDoFs1yErFTCFR39SB
Authority: LdJx7GAVbb9JhaPMvLEDEZb3Fjk16Bv5R4f8qzMUQeG # upgrade权限
Last Deployed In Slot: 1474
Data Length: 506936 (0x7bc38) bytes
Balance: 3.52947864 SOL

参考: